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Description
Section 1: C++ Basics
This section covers the essentials of C++ programming, setting a strong foundation for more complex topics.
Variables and Data Types: You’ll start by understanding the different types of data C++ handles, such as integers, floats, characters, and booleans. Questions will focus on declaring variables, understanding the limits of each data type, and working with type conversion.
Operators and Expressions: Here, you’ll cover arithmetic, logical, bitwise, and relational operators. Questions test your knowledge of performing calculations, evaluating expressions, and understanding operator precedence.
Control Statements: This topic covers if, else, switch, and conditional statements used to control program flow. You’ll practice making decisions in code, applying logical operators, and working with nested conditions.
Loops: Loops are essential for executing repetitive tasks. You’ll focus on for, while, and do-while loops, and questions will cover loop initialization, iteration, and termination conditions.
Arrays and Strings: Arrays and strings store sequences of data. Questions focus on declaring arrays, accessing elements, basic string manipulation, and understanding array boundaries.
Functions and Parameter Passing: Functions help break down code into manageable parts. Questions will cover function definition, calling functions, and understanding the difference between pass-by-value and pass-by-reference.
Section 2: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in C++
This section introduces you to C++’s object-oriented programming capabilities, the backbone of C++ applications.
Classes and Objects: Learn to define classes, create objects, and understand their relationship. Questions will cover setting properties, defining member functions, and understanding encapsulation.
Constructors and Destructors: Constructors initialize objects, while destructors clean up resources. Questions will focus on defining constructors, understanding constructor overloading, and the role of destructors.
Inheritance and Access Specifiers: Inheritance allows classes to derive properties from other classes. You’ll explore different types of inheritance, like single and multiple inheritance, and understand public, private, and protected access specifiers.
Polymorphism and Virtual Functions: Polymorphism enables one interface to handle multiple data types. You’ll learn about runtime polymorphism, working with base and derived classes, and using virtual functions.
Abstract Classes and Interfaces: Abstract classes provide a blueprint for other classes. You’ll focus on defining pure virtual functions and understanding when to use abstract classes over concrete classes.
Operator Overloading: C++ allows custom behavior for operators. You’ll cover overloading operators like +, -, *, and assignment operators, practicing when and why to use operator overloading.
Section 3: Advanced Programming Techniques
This section delves into advanced C++ constructs that enable efficient and flexible coding.
Templates (Function and Class Templates): Templates allow generic programming, enabling code that works with any data type. You’ll cover function templates and class templates, focusing on how templates can simplify code and improve reusability.
Namespaces: Namespaces help prevent naming conflicts in large programs. You’ll practice defining namespaces, using the std namespace, and creating custom namespaces to organize code.
Exception Handling: Exceptions handle runtime errors, helping programs run smoothly. You’ll cover try, catch, and throw, exploring how exceptions improve error management and provide better control over error-prone code.
Standard Library Basics: C++ provides powerful libraries for common tasks. You’ll focus on core libraries like iostream for input/output, vector for dynamic arrays, and string for string manipulation, understanding how these libraries save time and simplify code.
Type Casting and Conversion: C++ allows both implicit and explicit type casting. You’ll learn when type conversion is automatic and how to use static_cast, dynamic_cast, and other casting operators for precision in data handling.
Section 4: Memory Management in C++
C++ gives direct control over memory, an important skill for efficient programming.
Pointers and References: Pointers point to memory addresses, and references provide aliases for variables. You’ll practice using pointers for memory management, understanding dereferencing, and avoiding null pointer issues.
Dynamic Memory Allocation: Using new and delete, C++ allows manual memory allocation. Questions cover dynamic arrays, memory allocation for large data structures, and how to prevent memory leaks.
Smart Pointers: Smart pointers, like unique_ptr, shared_ptr, and weak_ptr, manage memory automatically. You’ll understand how each smart pointer type works and why they’re essential in modern C++ for safe resource management.
Memory Leaks and Prevention: Memory leaks can degrade program performance. You’ll explore causes of memory leaks and learn best practices to prevent them, such as using smart pointers and deallocating memory properly.
Pointer Arithmetic and Safety: With pointers, you can directly access and manipulate memory. Questions focus on pointer arithmetic, understanding how pointer addresses shift, and practicing safe memory access to avoid crashes.
Section 5: Advanced Programming Concepts
This section focuses on more specialized and powerful programming techniques.
Exception Handling and Error Management: This topic builds on earlier exception handling, focusing on more complex scenarios. You’ll explore handling multiple exceptions, chaining exceptions, and creating custom exception classes.
File Handling: Reading from and writing to files is crucial for many applications. Questions cover using ifstream and ofstream to open files, handle file streams, and process data stored externally.
Operator Overloading: Operator overloading lets you customize operators for classes. You’ll learn to overload arithmetic operators for complex data structures, giving custom classes more intuitive behavior.
Type Casting and Conversion: Building on earlier material, you’ll examine different casting operators like const_cast, reinterpret_cast, and dynamic_cast, practicing precise control over data type conversions.
Section 6: Modern C++ and Multithreading
This final section introduces some of the most powerful and modern features of C++.
Smart Pointers and Resource Management: Smart pointers automate memory management, a must-have in modern C++ development. You’ll dive into the specifics of unique_ptr, shared_ptr, and weak_ptr, learning how each manages resource ownership and prevents memory leaks.
Lambda Expressions: Lambdas offer a way to create short, inline functions. Questions cover syntax and use cases for lambdas, such as passing lambdas as function arguments and capturing variables in lambda expressions.
Move Semantics and Rvalue References: Move semantics enhance performance by minimizing unnecessary copying. You’ll focus on move constructors and move assignment operators, practicing when to use std::move to optimize resource management.
Standard Template Library (STL): The STL is a powerful library of data structures and algorithms. You’ll explore essential STL components, like vector, map, set, and algorithms like sort, practicing how to use them to simplify code.
Multithreading: Multithreading allows programs to execute multiple tasks concurrently. You’ll cover std::thread for creating threads, std::mutex for managing shared resources, and techniques for synchronizing threads to avoid data races and deadlocks.
