400 DevSecOps Interview Questions with Answers 2026

CI/CD Pipeline Security: SAST/DAST/SCA integration, Secrets Management, and SBOMs.

Cloud & Container Security: Kubernetes RBAC, Docker hardening, and IaC (Terraform) security.

Application & API Security: OAuth2/JWT, OWASP API Top 10, and Secure Gateways.

Monitoring & Governance: SIEM/SOAR, Incident Response, Compliance (SOC2/ISO 27001), and Metrics.

B. Implementing manual code reviews for all third-party libraries.

C. Generating and cryptographically signing a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM).

D. Increasing the frequency of Jenkins backup snapshots.

E. Relying solely on a firewall to block untrusted outbound traffic.

F. Hard-coding API keys within the build script for faster access.

Correct Answer: C

Overall Explanation: Software Supply Chain security focuses on the integrity and provenance of code and dependencies. Generating and signing an SBOM ensures you have a verifiable inventory of what is inside your software.

Detailed Option Explanations:

B (Incorrect): While good, manual review of thousands of dependencies is unscalable in a DevSecOps environment.

C (Correct): Signing an SBOM allows downstream users to verify that the artifacts haven't been tampered with.

D (Incorrect): Backups provide availability but do not verify the security or integrity of the code itself.

E (Incorrect): Firewalls are a perimeter defense and do not address the integrity of the software components.

F (Incorrect): This is a critical security vulnerability (secrets exposure) and worsens the security posture.

Question 2: Which Kubernetes resource is most critical for enforcing the "Principle of Least Privilege" regarding pod-to-pod communication?

B. Network Policies

C. NodeSelectors

D. Horizontal Pod Autoscalers (HPA)

E. Ingress Controllers

F. ConfigMaps

Correct Answer: B

Overall Explanation: Network Policies act as a Layer 3/4 firewall for pods, allowing you to explicitly define which pods are allowed to talk to each other.

Detailed Option Explanations:

B (Correct): Network Policies are the standard way to restrict lateral movement within a cluster.

C (Incorrect): NodeSelectors determine which nodes a pod runs on, but they don't restrict traffic.

D (Incorrect): HPA manages scaling based on load, which is a performance concern, not security.

E (Incorrect): Ingress manages external access into the cluster, not internal pod-to-pod "East-West" traffic.

F (Incorrect): ConfigMaps store non-sensitive configuration data and have no role in traffic enforcement.

Question 3: When implementing "Shift-Left" security, at which stage should Static Application Security Testing (SAST) ideally be triggered?

B. Only after the application is deployed to Production.

C. During the "Commit" or "Build" stage of the CI/CD pipeline.

D. During the quarterly compliance audit.

E. On the developer's machine after the code is already merged to the main branch.

F. During the penetration testing phase only.

Correct Answer: C

Overall Explanation: Shifting left means moving security checks earlier in the SDLC. SAST analyzes source code and should be integrated into the build process to catch flaws before they reach an environment.

Detailed Option Explanations:

B (Incorrect): Waiting until Production is expensive and dangerous; flaws should be caught earlier.

C (Correct): Triggering SAST on commit/build provides immediate feedback to the developer.

D (Incorrect): Audits are for governance and are usually too late to prevent development flaws.

E (Incorrect): While IDE plugins are good, SAST must be enforced before merging to ensure the main branch remains secure.

F (Incorrect): Pentesting is a late-stage manual process; SAST should be automated and early.

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